Al-Wafaii, who became a famous astronomer, lived in the ninth century AH, and worked as a time keeper in the Mosque of Al-Mu'ayyad Sheikh, near Bab Zuweila. He invented an astronomical instrument, known as the circle of modification.

Shehab Al-Din Ahmad Al-Kom Reeshi was born in the last quarter of the eighth century AH, in the province of Cairo with the famous gardens, "Kom Al-Reesh," now known as Al-Zaweya Al-Hamraa. He was a well-known astronomer in Egypt during the ninth century AH. He was renowned as an astronomer and specifically for his ephemeris.

Ali Ibn-Radwan belonged to a working class family. He was born in the environs of Giza, where his father was a baker. He studied and practiced medicine before reaching the age of fifteen. He also practiced astrology to earn his living so that he could continue his study of medicine and philosophy. He was a contemporary of Ibn Al-Haitham the notable scholar, with whom he had scientific correspondence. He worked for the Caliph Al-Hakim Bi Amr Allah, and was the head of the Egyptian physicians at that time.

Dawoud Ibn-Abi Al-Bayaan was a Jewish Egyptian physician and pharmacist, who was born in Cairo. He became prominent in the description and composition of medicines and became the pharmacist of the King Al-Adil Al-Ayyubi. His book "Al-Dustour Al-Bimarstani," (The Hospital Constitution) or "Dustour Al- Adweya Al-Murkaba" (The Constitution of the Compound Medicine) which was known as "Kitaab Al-AqerbAzin" was considered to be one of the most important books of pharmacy during the Middle Ages.

One of the most famous astronomers of the eighth century AH, Gamal Al-Din Al-Mardini was the authority as a time setter in his era. He wrote several books on the subject and was well acquainted with calculus, he was also known for his beautiful voice.

Mohammad Al-Demeshqi Al-Shafii, was a famous Egyptian astronomer and mathematician who lived during the ninth century AH, he was known as the grandson of Al-Mardini. It seems that this man was influenced by his occupation as a time setter in Al-Azhar Mosque, in his many writings; in astronomy, astronomical instruments and calculus.

Although Ibn Al-Haitham was born in Basra, he lived in Egypt for most of his lifetime, and wrote most of his books in Cairo. Ibn Al-Haitham is considered to have been one of the greatest scientists of the Middle Ages, and, indeed, throughout history. He left about 160 works in several branches of scholarship. He contributed to the science of optics by revolutionizing the undisputed theories of this science during his time, and laid the foundation for the modern science of optics.

Ibn Al-Majdi lived in the ninth century AH, he was brought up in wealthy circumstances; his grandfather Al-Tibgha Al-Aala'i was a renowned head of the army at the time of the Mamluks. He acquired his knowledge from a number of well-known tutors of his time. His astronomical researches are very important. He wrote about fifty books, most of them are handwritten and have never been published.

Ibn Al-Shater was among the select group of geniuses in astronomy. He was occupied with mathematics, but particularly excelled at astronomy. He made an instrument that enabled people to calculate the daily times of the prayers, and called it al-Basseet (the compass). He also corrected Ptolemy's theory, which states that the earth is the center of the universe.

Ibn-Yunus was born in a famous family with a scientific background. He rose to a notable rank at the court of the Fatimid caliph, Al-Aziz Bi-Allah, and his son Al-Hakim Bi-Amr Allah. The caliph built an observatory for him, on the Moqattam Hills, so that he could perform his astronomical researches. Because of his efforts in that field, he became famous throughout the ages as a brilliant astronomer. He observed two eclipses and recorded them with precision using purely scientific methods. His most famous work is the Al-Hakimi Ephemeris.

Al-Demery's name is connected to a village called Demera in Lower Egypt. He originally worked as a tailor, but then became interested in receiving an education and went to study at Al-Azhar Mosque under the supervision of the prominent scholars of his time. Eventually, he became a lecturer and an orator at the Mosque of Al-Zahir Baybars. Despite the fact that Al-Demery wrote numerous books on the Hadith and on doctrine, his book "Hayyat Al-Hayyawan" (Animal Life) is the most famous of his writings. This book is considered to be the first encyclopedia of zoology in Arabic.

Shehab Al-Din Al-Qalyubi lived in the eleventh century AH (17th century AD). He belonged to a group of scholars who were known for their encyclopedic knowledge of various sciences. He was an astronomer, who wrote numerous books of astronomy. He was also an expert in medicine, and wrote books about it.